Culce Et Decorum Est and Anthem of the Doomed - 814 Words

â€Å"Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality.† Poetry throughout the ages has influenced change in society and given voice to controversial topics. Wilfred Owen influenced his nation and became a powerful and significant agent of change through his literature as he demonstrated throughout his poetry how war is not something to be glorified yet is a horrific injustice suffered by many. By analysing Dulce Et Decorum Est and Anthem Of The Doomed it can be said that Owen’s significant message is to confront the idea of glorifying war and the patriotic sentiment of trench warfare. The horrific betrayal the young soldiers suffered was a prominent aspect throughout the First World War. The powerful poems inspired from his experience as a young soldier register his criticism of Dulce Et Decorum Est Pro Patria Mori, meaning it is sweet and right to die for your country. During this time period, the media, politicians and songwriters praised the corruption that is war. Owen demonstrates through his poetry the propaganda that the media promoted war is. Through this poem Owen’s aim is to change civilian’s idea of war and to stop its glorification. The support and inspiration through Wilfred Owen’s poetry provided a voice for British soldiers and allowed them to recognise the true nature of war. Wilfred Owen’s Dulce Et Decorum Est is a representation of the grim reality that war poses. He

Civil Rights Movement Essay - 808 Words

The Civil Rights Movement was a large protest movement during the 1950s and 1960s. It was one of the most intricate social movements to mankind. The Civil Rights Movement was a period where African Americans did not have the same equal rights or treatment as the whites. Instead, African Americans were segregated from whites by not going to school together, having to sit in the back of the bus, not being able to move freely, or not having the right to vote. Over the past few decades, the Civil Rights Movement has evolved by restructuring and strengthening the equality amongst all races across the world. Before the Civil Rights Movement, the Civil War took place just before which had just ended slavery, but it did not end discrimination†¦show more content†¦Another one of Martin Luther King Jr. non-violent protest was the â€Å"Little Rock Nine†. The Little Rock Nine was nine African American students who went to Little Rock Central High school and were treated very unethically by many of the whites in the school. This gave rise to the Supreme Court’s Decision in the Brown V. Board of Education which later resulted in the desegregation of schools. This was another one of the Civil Rights Movement that was successful. Back then, Martin Luther King Jr. and his non-violent protest required the gathering of people to his reason. During this period, hundreds of thousands of people marched in front of the Lincoln Memorial, to beg the federal government to support desegregation. The movement was to reestablish the rights of citizenship guaranteed by the 14th and 15th amendments. The 14th Amendment of the constitution gave blacks equal protection under the law and the 15th amendment granted blacks the right to vote. During the protest at the Lincoln Memorial, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his, â€Å"I have a dream speech,† which helped change the Civil Rights Movement. â€Å"Ultimately, however, the movement changed the nation for the better and improved lives of millions of Americans.† This helped the African Americans to attain assurance in their capability to form and to effect political change. They increased more pride in their cultural strengths andShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Civil Rights Movement1014 Words   |  5 Pagesof this essay is to outline the main events of the African-American Civil Rights Movement. Specifically, the focus will be on the main activists involved in the movement such as Martin Luther King Jr and Rosa Parks and the major campaigns of civil resistance. The Civil Rights Movement refers to the movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring voting rights in Southern states.African-Americans were able to gain the rights to issuesRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pages The civil right movement refers to the reform movement in the United States beginning in the 1954 to 1968 led primarily by Blacks for outlawing racial discrimination against African-Americans to prove the civil rights of personal Black citizen. For ten decades after the Emancipation Proclamation, African-Americans in Southern states still live a rigid unequal world of deprive right of citizenship, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence. â€Å"JimRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† This was a speech by Martin Luther King Jr. Even one hundred years after slavery was banned, African Americans were still being treated unfairly. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most famous leaders of the Civil Rights movement in the 1960’s. The Civil Rights movement was a movement of AfricanRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages The Civil Rights Movement The 13th amendment, passed on the first of January, 1865 abolished slavery throughout America. Although African Americans were considered free after this amendment was approved, they still had a long and arduous struggle to absolute freedom. Before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was frequently used throughout many of the Southern and Border States. Schools, bathrooms, libraries, and even water fountains were segregated. Though there wereRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay967 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered to be unworthy to be associated with whites, they struggled to fight laws of segregation for years and years to finally be thought of as equals. They fought to earn their civil rights which is where the movement got its name from. There are many names that stand out when you think of the Civil Rights Movement, for example, Martin Luther King Jr. who lead a march to Washington and gave the famous â€Å"I have a Dream† speech, and there is also Rosa Parks who refused to sit in the back of the busRead MoreCivil Rights Movement Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement, also known as the American Civil Rights, was a mass movement during the 1950s and 1960s. It was one of the most intricate social movements of mankind. The Civil Rights Movement was a period where African Americans did not have the same equal rights or treatment as the whites. Instead, African Americans were segregated from whites by not going to school together, having to sit in the back of the bus, not being able to move freely, or not having the right to vote. Over theRead More Racism versus Civil Rights Movement Essay examples1446 Words   |  6 PagesKing, page666 The 1960s were a time of great turmoil in America and throughout the world. One of the main topics that arouse was black civil rights. In my essay I plan to compare the difference of opinion between these particular writers and directors, towards racism and the civil rights movement in the 1960s The movement truly got underway with civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King jr. and Malcolm X in the early 1960s. Students who wanted to bolt on the equality and protestRead MoreMalcolm X and the Civil Rights Movement Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement includes social movements in the United States whose objective was to end racial segregation as well as discrimination against African-Americans. Civil rights are a class of rights that protects individuals freedom and ensure ones ability to participate in the civil and political life. Civil rights include the ensuring of life and safety, protection from an individual. The United States tries to get voting rights for them. The phase of the movement began in 1954 and endedRead MoreCivil Rights Movement and Black Nationalism Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 1302.044 March 3, 2000 Militant and Violent Acts of the Civil Rights Movement and Black Nationalism The rights of African-Americans have been violated since they were brought over to America as slaves in the late 1600s to the land of the free. Great political gains for African-Americans were made in the 1960s such as the right to vote without paying. Still, many African Americans were dissatisfied with their economic situation, so they reacted with violence in the form of riots. OtherRead MoreEssay on Various Civil Rights Movements in the United States536 Words   |  3 PagesThe African-American Civil Rights Movement was started in 1955, and was lead by many great African Americans who will never be forgotten in history. Many Americans who were born in the U.S. were not 100% American but had different ethnic background which meant many of these Americans had different skin colors, different nationality and because of this they were outcasts in the U.S. Many of these ethnic groups were not outcast just because of their background many were also segregated because of their

Information Technology Risks Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInformation Technology Risks. Answer: Introduction Information technology is the utilization of systems to handle, store and retrieve information. Risks that are related to information technology are known as information technology risks or IT risks (Alhawari et al., 2012). These types of risks are extremely common in information technology. However, these risks can be reduced with different approaches. This report outlines the various approaches to reduce risks in information technology. Discussion The application of the methods of risk management is known as IT risk management. The information technology risks can be controlled with various and different approaches. The different risks of information technology are as follows: i)Obsolete operating systems: The outdated and obsolete operating system is a major threat and risk in information technology. ii) Lack of encryption: The lack of encryption of the important and the confidential messages is another major threat in information technology (Venkatesh, Thong Xu, 2012). iii) Using others phones or tablets: Opening various confidential applications in electronic devices that are not owned by the user is another basic threat in information technology. iv) Over-reliance on security scanning devices: Dependency on the software or devices that monitor security completely is another threat or risk in information technology. v) Insufficient logging of system: Insufficient system logging is another major threat in information technology. The approaches to reduce IT risks and to improve information technology security are as follows: i) Secure servers, computers and wireless networks: The main step towards improving IT security and managing IT risks is to secure the wireless networks, servers and the computers. Wireless networking is the process by which networking is installed without installing wires. This type of network should be secured in the first position to reduce the risks in information technology (Kotelnikov, 2014). Another important approach to improve security in IT is to secure the servers and the computers, through which the information is stored, retrieved and handled. ii) Installation of anti-spyware and anti-virus protection: Firewalls should be present in every personal computers. Anti-virus and anti-spyware software should be installed in all computers to secure the information technology and to improve security. iii) Use and update passwords: Passwords should be used and updated regularly, so that there is a less chance of hacking and phishing. Use of passwords improves security in information technology. iv) Update software regularly: Software should be updated regularly to their latest versions (Schwalbe, 2015). There is a high chance of IT risks if software are not updated and used in their obsolete versions. v) Use data back-ups: Data back-ups should be used, which includes off-site and remote storage. Data back-ups improve security and reduce risks of information technology. vi) Personnel training: All the personnel should be trained thoroughly for the information technology procedures and policies. vii) Intrusion detection systems: Introduction of intrusion detection systems in information technology can reduce and mitigate risks. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that information technology deals with various risks and threats that are vulnerable to the system. Such risks can be identified with proper measures so that hackers cannot intrude into the systems. The above report contains all the probable risks and the measure to reduce and control those risks. References Alhawari, S., Karadsheh, L., Talet, A. N., Mansour, E. (2012). Knowledge-based risk management framework for information technology project.International Journal of Information Management,32(1), 50-65. Kotelnikov, V. (2014). Small and medium enterprises and ICT. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology.

The Jungle Essays - Economic Ideologies, Production Economics

The Jungle A French philosopher once said that the greatest tyranny of democracy was when the minority ruled the majority. Upton Sinclairs The Jungle gives the reader a great example of exactly this. A man who earns his living honestly and through hard work will always be trapped in poverty, but a man who earns his living through lies and cheating will be wealthy. The Jungle portrays a Lithuanian family stuck in a Capitalistic country. It shows the ongoing struggle of a lower class that will never get farther in life as long as the minority of rich people rule over them. The Jungle conveys a struggle between Capitalism and Socialism. Socialism is the best way out for the peasants, but a Capitalistic America has already trapped them. When Jurgis Rudkus and his family first come to America, they do not know how it was run. Once Jurgis begins working in the stockyards, he finds out that the upper class dominates over the lower class. Supposedly America is a democratic nation, but this is not true. Capitalism rules the nation. The upper class bosses rule what goes on in the peasants lives. It is a form of slavery. Sinclair writes: Things that were quite unspeakable went on there in the packing houses all the time, and were taken for granted by everybody; only they did not show, as in old slavery times, because there was no difference in color between master and slave. (106) Sinclair compares the conditions of the factories to that of slavery. The rich boss is the master and the peasant is the lowly slave. Capitalism rules in the stockyards of Chicago. The higher class people can get ahead in life because they have an in with the system, but the peasants will forever be stuck at their work on the machines in a packing plant. Jurgis Rudkus endures the work in the factory system. He comes across Capitalism first hand here. Through his work in the meat packing plant, he sees how they are able to work around government regulation through bribes and deceit. He also soon learns that everyone steals from the people below them in the system. Sinclair writes, ...the bosses grafted off the men, and they grafted off each other; and someday the superintendent would find out about the boss, and then he would graft off the boss (59). Sinclair reveals that men of a higher status were able to steal freely from others and get away with it. If one found out, he just stole right back from another. This was Capitalism in and of itself. Here, in the stockyards of Chicago, the upper class rules over the lower class. In Packingtown, Jurgis Rudkus and his family face many difficulties with the Capitalistic rule. The people take advantage of them and steal their money. When they first came to America, they had to pay many fees because they were foreigners and did not know better. Eventually, Jurgis decides to buy a house. He thinks he is getting a good deal, but in reality is not. The real estate agent tells him that it is a brand new house, but this is a lie. Sinclair writes, ...it was not new at all, as they had supposed; it was about fifteen years old, and there was nothing new upon it but the paint (65). The real estate agent took advantage of them because they were lower class. He was able to do so because they did not know any better. The upper class ruled over them. They lived in a Capitalistic nation that trapped them as lower class citizens. The Capitalistic way of life allows for a lot of corruption in the government and police department. Many people pay off high officials in order to get lead way in court and other places. Men who own saloons pay the police so they can sell liquor on Sundays. At one point in the book Jurgis beats up a bartender because he will not give him his change for a hundred dollar bill. The bartender does not get in trouble for this because he has paid people off. Sinclair writes, ...the owner of the saloon had paid five dollars each to the policemen alone

Arguments of Abortion essays

Arguments of Abortion essays The issue of abortion is a controversial one; there are arguments on both sides of the debate. In 1973 the national case of Roe v. Wade, sparked political decisions that created a national right to abortion. Further, "Roe v. Wade declared that unborn children are not `persons' nor are they entitled to the same constitutional protection as `born children'" (Baird, Rosenbaum, 2001). However, Roe v. Wade did not end the debate, nor, did it stop both sides for continuing the fight for their individual beliefs. On the one hand, pro-choicer's believe that woman are entitled to have abortions. Stating that an unborn child is under the rights of the pregnant women. On the other hand, pro-lifers believe that a woman should not have the right to obtain an abortion, stating that an unborn child is a human deserving the same constitutional rights as a child that has been born. The political goal most frequently mentioned by pro-lifers has been a Human Life Amendment (HLA) to thus, reverse Roe v. Wade. The HLA would declare unborn children to be "persons" deserving equal protection under the Constitution. From an ethical standpoint, one can take ether side, for not only these reasons but also many more that we will further explore. I personally think that abortion is a decision that can only be made by the person in question, and not between that person and the government or an HLA. We well first look at the overall argument of the pro-choice side. After which, we will delve into the overall argument of the pro-life side. Further, we will look at the current controversy sounding partial birth abortion. Finally, we will look at the idea of illegal abortions, to see what the outcome of banning abortion may be like thus, debunking the myths that are often surround the time before abortion was legalized. One major point that is raised by pro-choice advocates is if abortion is made illegal an influx of poor under privileged children will occur. Goin...

Wire Wars essays

Wire Wars essays The war over the health hazards of cellular phones is beginning to mount. The idea that cellular phones possibly cause cancer became an issue in 1993 when a gentleman sued a cell phone manufacturer saying that the phone caused his wifes brain tumor and eventual death (Greenwald, 67). Both sides of the issue continue to blur into one gray area. The battle lines, no longer clearly defined. Research is being undertaken through every organization from The American Cancer Society to the FDA. Although there is no definite answer, more and more evidence is rolling in about the dangerous, possibly cancerous, affects of radiation emitted from the antenna on the cellular phone, into the brain. Americans as a whole doubt the growing amount of evidence that cellular phones have adverse affects. [Jo-Anne Basile of the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association says the science clearly contradicts warnings. "It is the opinion of policymakers and the scientific community that there are no adverse health effects from cell phones," she says (qtd. in Tuohy, D1)]. This is evident in the growth rate of the cell-phone industry. [There is a phenomenal growth of the $50 billion cell-phone industry. More than 400 million mobile phones are in use worldwide, and manufacturers expect to sell another 400 million units this year. "More cell phones will be sold this year than all the computers, TVs, personal digital assistants and pagers combined." Said Ed Snyder, who follows wireless technologies for the Chase H Cell phones aid in communication and safety and make life more expedient for the general population. A majority of people could never fathom a product u...

Communication Privacy Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication Privacy Management - Essay Example The research question for this paper was; what are the ways in which the CPM theory can be used to enhance consumer management approaches in a business organization. This question seeks to explore ways in which organisations can build systems that can be used by its employees in identifying effective ways of collecting and managing consumer information. The question offers effective ways that can be used to ensure that the business manages to develop and manage consumer experiences for purposes of enhancing their loyalty in the business. The hypothesis for the research was; organisations can build effective competitive strategies by developing and marinating consumer privacy in their operations. This research hypothesis proceeds to examines ways that can identify the need to have such strategies for developing consumer privacy issues in the business. For this research, the respondents picked for the data collection process were invited into an on-campus lab for purposes of being inte rviewed on websites and sell music and other products using e-commerce. After getting consent to take part in the interview process, the respondents were given ten minutes to browse through the site and make some orders for music CDs and other products being sold. After the browsing process, the respondents were given questionnaires to fill and explain their experiences while interacting with the site.

Systems Analysis & Design Methods Research Paper

Systems Analysis & Design Methods - Research Paper Example The paper tells that strategic processes of an organization are its key concern. Systems Analysts and Project Managers are the integral individuals that perform inevitable tasks in the systems development processes of an organization. A specialized systems analyst possesses the following skills: Analytical Skills: 1. Functional insight The analytical skills possessed by a system analyst give him the insight to understand the different functions being performed within an organization. Furthermore it assists the identification of opportunities and problems. This insight further helps in the analysis and solving of problems. 2. Systems thinking One of the most important skills that system analysts possess is systems thinking. Systems’ thinking is the ability to see the organization as a whole system. To see how the different departments and information systems in an organization are in fact one combined whole system overall. Technical Skills: A systems Analyst possesses key technical skills for the betterment of the company. Possessing acute and up-to-date technical skills a systems analyst helps in understanding the limitations and potential of the implementation of information and communications technology within the systems of an organization. Management And Interpersonal Skills: A Systems Analyst is equipped with the latest and the most globally oriented managerial skills. These skills help in the management of projects, handling of resources, risk management and change. The interpersonal skills possessed by a systems analyst are helpful in his interaction with the end users of the system, other analysts of the system and system programmers. Figure 1Role of a System Analyst. Rational Software Corporation (2002) As shown in the figure above, a System Analyst performs the core task of coordinating among users and other professionals that are part of the backend of the system and are usually not directly in contact with the end users. Their role as an intermediary and facilitator, when performed with its true meanings, gives the organization what it actually needs: better means of coordination among stakeholders and system professionals and the ability to manage each task looking at each one of them as integral units of one major system. A person at the managerial position within the organization has a similarly integral role to play in the development of the system just like the system analyst. While a systems Analyst possesses substantial managerial skills, it is essential that the department of project management be assigned to individuals who may concentrate on this task only. The way in which a project manager plays

Show how the characters of both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth change after the murder of Duncan Essay Example for Free

Show how the characters of both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth change after the murder of Duncan Essay Throughout the preliminary scenes of the tragedy the character of Macbeth is portrayed as a brave and noble soldier. He does not seem the kind of man who could come up with the ludicrous notion of committing such a horrifying act as murder. However we soon witness brave Macbeth rapidly propelled into the obscure world of darkness and evil. Overwhelming confirmation that Macbeth has succumbed to the witches prophecies arrives when Macbeth reveals the greatest is behind. We also witness the transformation from a brave and admired gentleman to a traitorous villain. His downfall is caused by his strong and powerful vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself to succeed in becoming king and his wife, Lady Macbeths, incessant goading. Macbeths personal obsession over the kingship eventually shows a certain kind of egotism. Ultimately Macbeth, the man once looked upon by king Duncan as a valiant cousin and worthy gentleman, and Lady Macbeth, are, in the concluding paragraphs of the play, described as a dead butcher and his fiend-like queen. Preceding the unlawful death of the king, Macbeth stated understandable uncertainties about committing such a crime, which indicates he has a sensible mind and conscience and is not lacking in morals. On the night on which Macbeth is supposed to be perpetrating the bloody business he is still expressing strong doubts. The assassinator expressed great guilt that Duncan was staying over night at his castle in double trust. Macbeth articulated how as Duncans kinsman and his subject, strong both against the deed; then, as his host he should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the knife myself. At one stage Macbeth proclaims to Lady Macbeth his reluctance to go ahead and will proceed no further in this business as Duncan hath honoured me of late. Macbeths unwillingness shortly vanishes as he becomes settled, in spite of his guilt, and chooses to commit the crime of murdering the king. Immediately prior to the murder, however, Macbeth experiences a fatal vision when he sees a dagger before his eyes and asks the infamous question is this a dagger I see before me? The hallucination is a dagger of the mind, a false creation and the first of many to come in which Macbeths subconscious guilt is expressed. An additional display of his repentance is when he wants darkness to envelop his actions and requests stars hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires. Despite the noticeable fears Macbeth has he continues with the plan. Subsequently he is filled with regret and remorse for his actions and instantaneously registers his own evil as he states to his wife how he had most need of blessing, and Amen stuck in my throat. He is intensely aware of his wickedness and shall sleep no more! as he is afraid to think what I have done. In extreme juxtaposition to Macbeth however, his ruthless wife, Lady Macbeth exhibits no feelings of remorse and is miserably lacking in the morals of her husband whose nature she fears is too full oth milk of human kindness. She is excessively ambitious and at times appears unbelievably heartless displaying the more sinister side to her character when Macbeth wants to discontinue with her malevolent campaign. She endeavours to encourage and motivate Macbeth further by questioning his masculinity and argues that Macbeth would be so much more the man for killing Duncan. Lady Macbeth asserts that in order for one to succeed in being crowned withal they must screw their courage to the sticking place. It seems that she is completely and utterly obsessed with the concept of Macbeth becoming king and declares how these deeds must not be thought of after these ways; so, it will make us mad signifying her awareness of their evil actions and how she ironically believes they can be easily forgotten. The morning after the cold blooded murder of the King, Macbeth commences with the charade that he must continue as a consequence of his deeds. He seems genuinely shocked at the news he receives and pretends to grieve for the King, even paying compliments to Duncan in an effort to conceal his liability for the murder. So convincing is the act he puts on that no one would even envisage him having a part to play in the brutal murder of their beloved King, even less that he could have planned and carried out the murder himself. However, the cracks soon begin to show in his calm, collected exterior as his behaviour worsens and he starts acting more recklessly. He is filled with fear and anxiety and hurriedly kills the guards. He becomes obsessed by his fears and professes to his wife o, full of scorpions is my mind. Later Macbeth ironically states Theres nothing serious in mortality: all is but toys: renown and grace is dead, the wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees is left this vault to brag of. demonstrating, where appearance is he is lying, he truly feels there is now no reason for him to live. Proof of the continual guilt, anguish and remorse that Macbeth is feeling is expressed when he pronounces to Lady Macbeth that Ere we will eat our meal in fear, and sleep in the affliction of these terrible dreams that shake us nightly. Macbeth is afraid that any future son of Banquo may become King eliminating any chance of himself becoming King and that his genius is being rebuked. Secretly Macbeth orders two murderers to slaughter his faithful friend Banquo. He keeps the truth from his wife telling her only that she must continue to be innocent of the knowledge exemplifying a considerable change of character from the man who once needed a great deal of goading to perpetrate such an act as murder. Subsequently Macbeths character change is displayed further in the banquet scene where he seems to be becoming progressively disturbed and deranged. He experiences a hallucination, certain that he can see the ghost of Banquo. He is sure the tables full but there is a seat unoccupied and as he paces to and fro in desperation and uncertainty he confesses how he feels that murders have been performed too terrible for the ear. After the banquet the panic of Macbeths guilt is vividly evoked by the repetition of the word blood when Macbeth declares it will have blood; they say, blood will have blood:. The banquet scene demonstrates an unexpected revelation of Macbeths guilt, which is now beginning to become more public. Macbeth soon comes to believe that it would be best if he acted before thinking about the consequences pronouncing that the strange things I have in my head that will to hand, which must be acted ere they may be scanned showing visibly the extreme anxiety and fear that he is feeling. These feelings are displayed further when Macbeth is so full of remorse he can no longer sleep. His strange and self abuse is the initiate fear that wants hard use illustrates further his beliefs that his delusions are simply the product of a beginners fear, and that he needs greater experience of evil deeds. It appears as if Macbeth is addicted to killing. Macbeths behaviour detiorates further when he is reduced to murdering innocent women and children, encouraged by his malevolent desire to intimidate and terrorise. These actions, for which he has no excuse, only further highlight the change that Macbeth has undergone from such a brave and valiant cousin to the character we now see before us. Macbeths mind is so occupied with horrors that he has forgotten what real fear is and the only emotion he shows is indifference to everything, including the death of his wife. He truly believes he has forgotten the taste of fears. On receiving the news of Lady Macbeths departure he impassively declares she should have died hereafter; there would have been time for such a word. Perhaps this is not quite the reaction one would have expected had Lady Macbeth died during the initial scenes of the play when Macbeth referred to her as my dearest chuck. Macbeths unavoidable demise was completed with clear feelings of despondency. He states how he believes he has lived long enough and claims that lifes but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage. The impact of his unspeakable deeds has resulted only in his longing for death. Lady Macbeth suffers similarly and transforms from the dominant, uninhibited woman who convinced Macbeth to commit the treacherous deed of murder into a scared, tormented woman overflowing with guilt and remorse for the actions she encouraged. Subsequent to the murder she becomes mentally disturbed and increasingly deranged. Lady Macbeth is ignored by her husband and descends further and further ultimately concluding in her death. Immediately after the murder Lady Macbeth faints, although she is described as seeming to faint. Was it a part of her act? If not then it seems she is already experiencing anxiety and fears about what she has induced. She later appears to have a strong feeling of isolation and alienation, enquiring How now, my lord! Why do you keep me alone? This seems strange as she was once such an independent woman who needed no one. She soon feels scared when it becomes apparent that Macbeth is no longer confiding in her and she has obviously lost her power over him. Lady Macbeth, like her husband, also finds sleeping difficult and is troubled with thick-coming fantasies, that keep her from the rest. When the murder had initially been committed she dismissively declared that a little water clears us of this deed but later questions will these hands neer be clean? revealing the extent of her remorse. These thoughts later result in Lady Macbeth becoming ill. When Macbeth enquires about her to the doctor treating her he refers to her only as your patient displaying how Lady Macbeth has deteriorated so much that he wishes to distance himself even further from his wife. Her behaviour goes downhill from there on and concludes in her committing suicide. In general both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have, by the end of the play, altered so much that you would hardly recognise them as the two characters that we perceived at the beginning of the tragedy. Macbeth appeared as a brave soldier who we witnessed turn into pure evil personified. Lady Macbeth began the play as a dominant, strong and independent woman and concludes the play as a pathetic, fragile creature. Both characters received the titles of a dead butcher and his fiend like queen. As a reader we cannot help but feel some compassion towards both central protagonists, however, it seems that both characters deserved their fate as we observe what happens when you choose the wrong path and descend into the world of darkness.

Papa Dont Preach Essay -- Literary Analysis, Jane Eyre

Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte, tells the tale of a young orphan girl who is left under the jurisdiction of her dead uncle’s cruel wife and her family. Alone in the large estate and often subjugated to her aunt’s unjust punishments and her cousin’s fist, Jane becomes solitary and sensitive to the kindness of others. She awaits the liberation of adulthood to become self-sufficient and to find someone to love. Similarly, in The Awakening by Kate Chopin, Edna Pontellier grows up in a motherless household with her authoritative father and treacherous sisters. She is often considered the model of female oppression and empowerment in the late 1800s, but her â€Å"awakening† actually results from her experiences in a cold and distant family. Edna’s suppressive childhood leads to her desire for independence in adulthood and helps her come to the realization that mothers play an important role in their children’s lives. Misinterpreted as hidden desires, Edna’s emotions towards love and freedom stem from the lack of familial love. Her father’s flippant thoughts towards her are shown when he tells Leonce that â€Å"authority, coercion are what is needed†¦ [to] manage a wife† [94]. He regards his daughter as just another woman and approaches raising her in the same manner that he treated his wife. Edna’s distant relationship with her sisters is shown in her refusal to go to the wedding [94] and her distaste for the motherly tones in her elder sister’s affections [22]. Coming from an isolated plantation, her youth was lonely and in result she grew to lack proper social skills and became more sensitive to kindness. This is supported by Adele’s statement to Robert, â€Å"...she is not like us. She might make the unfortunate blunder of taking you seriously.† ... ... follow them. While she had these unselfish undertones, the ultimate reason for her suicide was the desire to not be possessed by anyone; she had considered the children but this final act was her defiance. Taking her mother’s lead, she decides to not run away and to face her separation through death. Edna’s family had a profound effect on what her views and desires leading up to her awakening. The distance between them, geographically and emotionally, would eventually lead to her want of intimacy and warmth once found. The absence of a proper family structure in Edna’s childhood home set the foundation for her indifference to the roles of a wife and a mother, also creating a feeling of irresponsibility. Not until after making the acquaintance of a maternal and sensible woman, Adele, does Edna truly learn the burden of a mother’s position in her children’s lives.

Youths Are Overly Dependent on the Internet’

In today’s world, it is not surprising to find teenagers, even young children, using the latest gadgets on buses, trains or even in restaurants. If you ever try to think about the last day you went without the Internet or cell phone, chances are you would have a hard time coming up with the answer. Youths, also, eventually have developed a dependency on the Internet to socialize with their friends or search for information to an extent that they lack interaction skills.Actually, the Internet’s not too bad. It’s usually the number one thing youths use because of all its possibilities – to download homework, research, chat with friends and make plans. The Internet has also made it much easier to stay in touch and make new friends. Furthermore, teachers have also taken advantage of the advancements to develop some sense of responsibility in the students by moving away from some pen-and-paper to more interactive online assignments.However, with the fact that t he web is accessible almost everywhere, through data roaming on smartphones or connecting the laptop to free Wi-Fi at shopping malls, a research showed that teens spend an average of 20 hours a week in front of a computer or television. With so many distractions around us, when are teens supposed to make time to hang out with friends or relax with their families? Many youths are also unaware of the kind of personal information they put online for the world to see.For instance, some youths will post about when they are leaving for their vacation for a period of time on social network sites Facebook and Twitter, without thinking of the consequences such as strangers emptying their house when they are away. One of the biggest problems for children is not that they are vulnerable but that their parents don’t know what they’re doing. Furthermore, a recent survey concluded that 75% of those aged between 16 to 24 years old couldn’t live without the Internet. It is unde niable that the chance for danger exists when using the Internet, specially for youths. There is definitely a high chance that future generations of young people will only increase their dependence on computers and as long as the Internet exits, there will be risks. The best thing for youths to do is educate themselves regarding the Internet, to know what not to do and understand how to protect themselves. In a world where technology is becoming more and more prevalent, everyone must learn to cope with the risks if they are to continue enjoying the benefits. Youths Are Overly Dependent on the Internet’ In today’s world, it is not surprising to find teenagers, even young children, using the latest gadgets on buses, trains or even in restaurants. If you ever try to think about the last day you went without the Internet or cell phone, chances are you would have a hard time coming up with the answer. Youths, also, eventually have developed a dependency on the Internet to socialize with their friends or search for information to an extent that they lack interaction skills.Actually, the Internet’s not too bad. It’s usually the number one thing youths use because of all its possibilities – to download homework, research, chat with friends and make plans. The Internet has also made it much easier to stay in touch and make new friends. Furthermore, teachers have also taken advantage of the advancements to develop some sense of responsibility in the students by moving away from some pen-and-paper to more interactive online assignments.However, with the fact that t he web is accessible almost everywhere, through data roaming on smartphones or connecting the laptop to free Wi-Fi at shopping malls, a research showed that teens spend an average of 20 hours a week in front of a computer or television. With so many distractions around us, when are teens supposed to make time to hang out with friends or relax with their families? Many youths are also unaware of the kind of personal information they put online for the world to see.For instance, some youths will post about when they are leaving for their vacation for a period of time on social network sites Facebook and Twitter, without thinking of the consequences such as strangers emptying their house when they are away. One of the biggest problems for children is not that they are vulnerable but that their parents don’t know what they’re doing. Furthermore, a recent survey concluded that 75% of those aged between 16 to 24 years old couldn’t live without the Internet. It is unde niable that the chance for danger exists when using the Internet, specially for youths. There is definitely a high chance that future generations of young people will only increase their dependence on computers and as long as the Internet exits, there will be risks. The best thing for youths to do is educate themselves regarding the Internet, to know what not to do and understand how to protect themselves. In a world where technology is becoming more and more prevalent, everyone must learn to cope with the risks if they are to continue enjoying the benefits.

Foundational Accounting Principles and Terminology Essay

We all know how important the accounting aspect of any business/organization is. It is basically the most important way to manage finances. Without proper accounting for all expenses and finances, a company and/or organization will definitely have a hard time being financially stable. In this paper we will discuss some foundational accounting principles and terminology that are basic but quite essential to the accounting practice. Now let’s discuss some accounting terms beginning with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is a codification of how CPA firms and corporations prepare and present their business income and expense, assets and liabilities on their financial statements. GAAP is not a single accounting rule, but rather the aggregate of many rules on how to account for various transactions. GAAP are more like accounting standards (Wikipedia, 2009). Next we have Contra-Asset Accounts, which is defined as an account which offsets another account. A contra-asset account has a credit balance and offsets the debit balance of the corresponding asset. A contra-liability account has a debit balance and offsets the credit balance of the corresponding liability (InvestorWords, 2009). Let us move on to Historical Cost, which is a measure of value used in accounting in which the price of an asset on the balance sheet is based on its nominal or original cost when acquired by the company. The historical-cost method is used for assets in the U. S. under generally accepted accounting principles (Investopedia, 2009). Okay, now there is the Accrual Basis vs. Cash Bonus Accounting. This is the difference between the two. In Accrual basis accounting, income is reported in the fiscal period it is earned, regardless of when it is received, and expenses are deducted in the fiscal period they are incurred, whether they are paid or not. Basically, you record both revenues and expenses when they occur. In cash basis accounting, revenues are recorded when cash is actually received and expenses are recorded when they are actually paid (Ward, 2009). Last but not least, there is the Accounting Standards Codification. Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) is a major restructuring of accounting and reporting standards designed to simplify user access to all authoritative U. S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) by providing the authoritative literature in a topically organized structure. ASC disassembled and reassembled thousands of nongovernmental accounting pronouncements (including those of FASB, the Emerging Issues Task Force [EITF], and the AICPA) to organize them under approximately 90 topics. The ASC are those that oversee that all accounting and reporting standards are adhered to (Wikipedia, 2009). It is now time to move on to discuss and describe three sets of financial statements that are part of financial statements of companies /organizations. The three sets of financial statements we will be describing are The Balance Sheet, The Income Statement and The Statement of Cash Flows. The balance sheet also known as the â€Å"Statement of financial position† reveals a company’s assets, liabilities and equity (net worth). The balance sheet is divided into two parts that must equal each other, or balance each other out. The formula of the balance sheet is: Assets= Liabilities + Shareholder’s Equity. What this formula means is that assets, or the means used to operate the company, are balanced by a company’s obligations along with equity investment brought into the company and its retained earnings (Investopedia, 2009). Next we have the income statement, which measures a company’s financial performance over a specific accounting period. The financial performance is assessed by giving a summary of how the business incurs its revenues and expenses. It also shows the net profit or loss incurred over a specific accounting period, which is typically over fiscal quarter or year (Investopedia, 2009). Moving on to the last one, which is the cash flow statement. The cash flow statement allows investors to understand how a company’s operations are running, where its money is coming from, and how it is being spent. The cash flow statement is also a mandatory part of a company’s financial report, and has been so since 1987 (Investopedia, 2009). Now I will describe which is more useful, Net Income or Cash from Operating Activities? I believe that Cash from Operating Activities is more useful to companies because they can generate cash in several different ways. Three different ways to be exact, they are cash flows from operating activities, from investing activities, and financing activities. Cash from Operating Activities, in my opinion is the most useful because it paints the best picture of how well a company’s business operations are producing cash. After looking over the annual financial reports for Samsung, RTL Group and Lockheed Martin, I make the prediction that each company will continue to improve its net income as well as see a significant spike in their cash flow. As far as relevant information in regards to conglomerates, such as the IDOLS segment of the Fremantle Media North America, I was not totally sure how to get this information but I eventually continued to read the investor portion on the RTL Group website where I found out more information. All in all, I learned some new definitions when it comes to accounting and decision making. I thought this assignment was intense due to a lot of reading and research, but I believe I got through it well. I look forward to learning more about how accounting and decision making come together. References http://www.investopedia.com/articles/04/033104.asp http://www.investopedia.com/articles/04/031004.asp http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/incomestatement.asp http://www.investorwords.com/5476/contra_account.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generally_Accepted_Accounting_Principles

Pakistani Martyr Iqbal Masih

Pakistani Martyr Iqbal Masih The historical figure of importance, Iqbal Masih was a young Pakistani boy who was forced into bonded labor at age four. After being freed at age ten, Iqbal became an activist against bonded child labor. He became a martyr for his cause when he was murdered at age 12. Overview of Iqbal Masih Iqbal Masih was born in Muridke, a small, rural village outside of Lahore in Pakistan. Shortly after Iqbals birth, his father, Saif Masih, abandoned the family. Iqbals mother, Inayat, worked as a housecleaner but found it difficult to make enough money to feed all her children from her small income. Iqbal, too young to understand his familys problems, spent his time playing in the fields near his two-room house. While his mom was away at work, his older sisters took care of him. His life changed drastically when he was just four years old. In 1986, Iqbals older brother was to be married and the family needed money to pay for a celebration. For a very poor family in Pakistan, the only way to borrow money is to ask a local employer. These employers specialize in this kind of barter, where the employer loans a family money in exchange for the bonded labor of a small child. To pay for the wedding, Iqbals family borrowed 600 rupees (about $12) from a man who owned a carpet-weaving business. In return, Iqbal was required to work as a carpet weaver until the debt was paid off. Without being asked or consulted, Iqbal was sold into bondage by his family. Workers Fighting for Survival This system of peshgi (loans) is inherently inequitable; the employer has all the power. Iqbal was required to work an entire year without wages in order to learn the skills of a carpet weaver. During and after his apprenticeship, the cost of the food he ate and the tools he used were all added to the original loan. When and if he made mistakes, he was often fined, which also added to the loan. In addition to these costs, the loan grew ever larger because the employer added interest. Over the years, Iqbals family borrowed even more money from the employer, which was added to the amount of money Iqbal had to work off. The employer kept track of the loan total. It was not unusual for employers to pad the total, keeping the children in bondage for life. By the time Iqbal was ten years old, the loan had grown to 13,000 rupees (about $260). The conditions in which Iqbal worked were horrendous. Iqbal and the other bonded children were required to squat on a wooden bench and bend forward to tie millions of knots into carpets. The children were required to follow a specific pattern, choosing each thread and tying each knot carefully. The children were not allowed to speak to each other. If the children started to daydream, a guard might hit them or they might cut their own hands with the sharp tools they used to cut the thread. Iqbal worked six days a week, at least 14 hours a day. The room in which he worked was stifling hot because the windows could not be opened in order to protect the quality of the wool. Only two light bulbs dangled above the young children. If the children talked back, ran away, were homesick, or were physically sick, they were punished. Punishment included severe beatings, being chained to their loom, extended periods of isolation in a dark closet, and being hung upside down. Iqbal often did these things and received numerous punishments. For all this, Iqbal was paid 60 rupees (about 20 cents) a day after his apprenticeship had ended. The Bonded Labor Liberation Front   After working six years as a carpet weaver, Iqbal one day heard about a meeting of the Bonded Labor Liberation Front (BLLF) which was working to help children like Iqbal. After work, Iqbal snuck away to attend the meeting. At the meeting, Iqbal learned that the Pakistani government had outlawed peshgi in 1992. In addition, the government cancelled all outstanding loans to these employers. Shocked, Iqbal knew he wanted to be free. He talked to Eshan Ullah Khan, president of the BLLF, who helped him get the paperwork he needed to show his employer that he should be free. Not content to just be free himself, Iqbal worked to also get his fellow workers free. Once free, Iqbal was sent to a BLLF school in Lahore. Iqbal studied very hard, finishing four years of work in just two. At the school, Iqbals natural leadership skills became increasingly apparent and he became involved in demonstrations and meetings that fought against bonded child labor. He once pretended to be one of a factorys workers so that he could question the children about their work conditions. This was a very dangerous expedition, but the information he gathered helped close down the factory and free hundreds of children. Iqbal began speaking at BLLF meetings and then to international activists and journalists. He spoke about his own experiences as a  bonded child  laborer. He was not intimidated by crowds and spoke with such conviction that many took notice of him. Iqbals six years as a bonded child had affected him physically as well as mentally. The most noticeable thing about Iqbal was that he was an extremely small child, about half the size he should have been at his age. At age ten, he was less than four feet tall and weighed a mere 60 pounds. His body had stopped growing, which one doctor described as psychological dwarfism. Iqbal also suffered from kidney problems, a curved spine, bronchial infections, and arthritis. Many say that he shuffled his feet when he walked because of pain. In many ways, Iqbal was made into an adult when he was sent to work as a carpet weaver. But he was not really an adult. He lost his childhood, but not his youth. When he went to the U.S. to receive the Reebok Human Rights Award, Iqbal loved watching cartoons, especially Bugs Bunny. Once in a while, he also had a chance to play some computer games while in the U.S. A Life Cut Short Iqbals growing popularity and influence caused him to receive numerous death threats. Focused on helping other children become free, Iqbal ignored the letters. On Sunday, April 16, 1995, Iqbal spent the day visiting his family for Easter. After spending some time with his mother and siblings, he headed over to visit his uncle. Meeting up with two of his cousins, the three boys rode a bike to his uncles field to bring his uncle some dinner. On the way, the boys stumbled upon someone who shot at them with a shotgun. Iqbal died immediately. One of his cousins was shot in the arm; the other wasnt hit. How and why Iqbal was killed remains a mystery. The original story was that the boys stumbled upon a local farmer who was in a compromising position with a neighbors donkey. Frightened and perhaps high on drugs, the man shot at the boys, not intending to specifically kill Iqbal. Most people do not believe this story. Rather, they believe that leaders of the carpet industry disliked the influence Iqbal was having and ordered him murdered. As of yet, there is no proof that this was the case. On April 17, 1995, Iqbal was buried. There were approximately 800 mourners in attendance. *The problem of bonded child labor continues today. Millions of children, especially in Pakistan and India, work in factories to make carpets, mud bricks, beedis (cigarettes), jewelry, and clothing- all with similar horrific conditions as Iqbal experienced.

Quotes From Beloved by Toni Morrison

Quotes From Beloved by Toni Morrison Editors Note: Toni Morrison passed away on August 5, 2019. Weve gathered highlights from one of her most celebrated novels to help you honor her work. Beloved is a novel by Toni Morrison, who uses flashbacks and other devices to draw us through the tragic series of events in Sethes life. A moment of insanity shaped the rest of her existence. She and those around her would never be the same. Here are a few quotes from this dark novel, Beloved. Notable Quotes from Toni Morrisons Beloved 124 was spiteful. Full of a babys venom.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 1My first-born. All I can remember of her is how she loved the burned bottom of bread. Can you beat that? Eight children and thats all I remember.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 1a pool of red and undulating light that locked him where he stood.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 1If a Negro got legs he ought to use them. Sit down too long, somebody will figure out a way to tie them up.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 1I got a tree on my back and a haint in my house, and nothing in between but the daughter I am holding in my arms. No more runningfrom nothing. I will never run from another thing on this earth. I took one journey and I paid for the ticket, but let me tell you something, Paul D Garner: it cost too much! Do you hear me? It cost too much.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 1the house itself was pitching.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 1A man aint nothing but a man. But a son? Well, now, thats somebody- Toni Morrison, Belo ved, Ch. 2 The picture is still there and whats more, if you go thereyou who never was thereif you go there and stand in the place where it was, it will happen again; it will be there for you, waiting for you. So, Denver, you cant never go there. Never. Because even though its all overover and done withits going to always be there waiting for you.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 3Would it be all right? Would it be all right to go ahead and feel? Go ahead and count on something?- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 3To Sethe, the future was a matter of keeping the past at bay. The better life she believed she and Denver were living was simply not that other one.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 3Denver hated the stories her mother told that did not concern herself, which is why Amy was all she ever asked about. The rest was a gleaming, powerful world made more so by Denvers absence from it. Not being in it, she hated it and wanted Beloved to hate it too, although there was no chance of that at all.- Toni Morri son, Beloved, Ch. 6 Why was there nothing it refused? No misery, no regret, no hateful picture too rotten to accept? Like a greedy child it snatched up everything. Just once, could it say, No thank you? I just ate and cant hold another bite?- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 7I dont want to know or have to remember that. I have other things to do: worry, for example, about tomorrow, about Denver, about Beloved, about age and sickness not to speak of love. But her brain was not interested in the future. Loaded with the past and hungry for more, it left her no room to imagine, let alone plan for, the next day.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 7Come on, you may as well just come on.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 8Those white things have taken all I had or dreamed, she said, and broke my heartstrings too. There is no bad luck in the world but whitefolks.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 9Bit by bit, at 124 and in the Clearing, along with others, she had claimed herself. Freeing yourself was one thing; claiming ownership of that freed self was another.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 9 She had been so close, then closer. And it was so much better than the anger that ruled when Sethe did or thought anything that excluded herself. She could bear the hoursnine or ten of them each day but onewhen Sethe was gone. Bear even the nights when she was close but out of sight, behind walls and doors lying next to him. But noweven the daylight time that Beloved had counted on, disciplined herself to be content with, was being reduced, divided by Sethes willingness to pay attention to other things. Him mostly.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 9Making them think the next sunrise would be worth it; that another stroke of time would do it at last.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 10Only when she was dead would they be safe. The successful onesthe ones who had been there enough years to have maimed, mutilated, maybe even buried herkept watch over the others who were still in her cock-teasing hug, caring and looking forward, remembering and looking back.- Toni Morrison, Beloved, Ch. 10 Study Guide Questions for Study and Discussion This is worse than when Paul D came to 124 and she cried helplessly into the stove. This is worse. Then it was for herself. Now she is crying because she has no self.- Toni Morrison,  Beloved, Ch. 12She doesnt move to open the door because there is no world out there. She decides to stay in the cold house and let the dark swallow her like the minnows of light above. She wont put up with another leaving, another trick. Waking up to find one brother then another not at the bottom of the bed, his foot jabbing her spine. Sitting at the table eating turnips and saving the liquor for her grandmother to drink; her mothers hand on the keeping-room door and her voice saying, Baby Suggs is gone, Denver. And when she got around to worrying about what would be the case if Sethe died or Paul D took her away, a dream-come-true comes true just to leave her on a pile of newspaper in the dark.- Toni Morrison,  Beloved, Ch. 12If her boys came back one day, and Denver and Beloved stayed onwell, it would be the way it was supposed to be, no? Right after she saw the shadows holding hands at the side of the road hadnt the picture altered? And the minute she saw the dress and shoes sitting in the front yard, she broke water. Didnt even have to see the face burning in the sunlight. She had been dreaming it for years.- Toni Morrison,  Beloved, Ch. 13 It made them furious. They swallowed baking soda, the morning after, to calm the stomach violence caused by the bounty, the reckless generosity on display at 124. Whispered to each other in the yards about fat rats, doom and uncalled-for pride.- Toni Morrison,  Beloved, Ch. 15I would have known right away who you was when the sun blotted out your face the way it did when I took you to the grape arbor. I would have known at once when my water broke. And when I did see your face it had more than a hint of what you would look like after all these years. I would have known who you were right away because the cup after cup of water you drank proved and connected to the fact that you dribbled clear spit on my face the day I got to 124. I would have known right off, but Paul D distracted me. Otherwise I would have seen my fingernail prints right there on your forehead for all the world to see. From when I held your head up, out in the shed. And later on, when you asked me about the earrin gs I used to dangle for you to play with, I would have recognized you right off, except for Paul D.- Toni Morrison,  Beloved, Ch. 20 All the time, Im afraid the thing that happened that made it all right for my mother to kill my sister could happen again. I dont know what it is, I dont know who it is, but maybe there is something else terrible enough to make her do it again. I need to know what that thing might be, but I dont want to. Whatever it is, it comes from outside this house, outside the yard, and it can come right on in the yard if it wants to. So I never leave this house and I watch over the yard, so it cant happen again and my mother wont have to kill me too.- Toni Morrison,  Beloved, Ch. 21I am Beloved and she is mine. I see her take flowers away from leaves she puts them in a round basket the leaves are not for her she fills the basket she opens the grass I would help her but the clouds are in the way how can I say things that are pictures I am not separate from her there is no place where I stop her face is my own and I want to be there in the place where her face is and to be looking at it too a h ot thing.- Toni Morrison,  Beloved, Ch. 22 I see the dark face that is going to smile at me it is my dark face that is going to smile at me the iron circle is around our neck she does not have sharp earrings in her ears or a round basket she goes in the water with my face.-  Toni Morrison,  Beloved, Ch. 22I am not dead I sit the sun closes my eyes when I open them I see the face I lost Sethes is the face that left me Sethe sees me see her and I see the smile her smiling face is the place for me it is the face I lost she is my face smiling at me doing it at last a hot thing now we can join.- Toni Morrison,  Beloved, Ch. 22Quote 27: Seven-O! Seven-O!- Toni Morrison,  Beloved, Ch. 24Dirty you so bad you couldnt like yourself anymore. And though she and others lived through and got over it, she could never let it happen to her own. The best things she was, was her children. Whites might dirty her all right, but not her best thing, her beautiful, magical best thing the part of her that was clean.- Toni Morrison,  Belove d, Ch. 26 You your best thing, Sethe. You are.- Toni Morrison,  Beloved, Ch. 27Everybody knew what she was called, but nobody anywhere knew her name. Disremembered and unaccounted for, she cannot be lost because no one is looking for her, and even if they were, how can they call her if they dont know her name? Although she has claim, she is not claimed.- Toni Morrison,  Beloved, Ch. 28

Synthesis of Educational Theory Domain Research Paper

Synthesis of Educational Theory Domain - Research Paper Example ivity existing in the private sector so as to develop the schools in America, enabling them produce quality graduates to propel the economy of the nation. This will also help the graduates adapt well to the constant changing technological environment. The 21st century labor force should not have to work with an educational system of the 20th century if the nation is to achieve economic prosperity. Although, transforming the education system to be in line with the changing environment, needs an elementary shift in the education system starting with pre-K up to the higher education level. Up to now, people have lacked the audacity and flexibility to implement the necessary changes in the education sector. People need to re-evaluate themselves, and ask themselves if this is the time to bring the necessary change that is going to transform the education sector for the benefit of the future generation. This is irrespective of the uneasiness people may feel now. To address these changes, the following are essential factors to consider (Bushaw & Lopez, 2012). Redesigning the way the school system is formulated is essential. This will enable students use less time in pursuing their dreams and at the same time be successful. The old system might not be easily altered or adopted in today’s high-tech environment, and the grading system (diplomas and grade level) seems to limit success. For instance, let’s visualize a system where students do not have to be categorized according to the level of grade reached but on the basis of their skills and knowledge levels. This system might be efficient in rewarding talent and hard work. However, implementation of such measures will necessitate the handling of very difficult questions. If football clubs can enroll stars directly from high school, why can not ICT corporations like IBM do the same? Also, it is necessary to identify the future implications of embracing technology in the education system. This seems not to be a

Comparison and Contrast of Republican and Democrats Assignment

Comparison and Contrast of Republican and Democrats - Assignment Example There are many different opinions on issues between Republicans and Democrats. The opinions range from health care, taxes, military, abortion, and foreign policy. There has been a long history between the two parties. The history dates back to the late 1700s and middle 1800s. The founding of the two parties marked the beginning of the debating. Americans were forced to choose sides. The side that you chose says a lot about what your beliefs, values and your difference in philosophy are. The Republicans are generally considered conservative, pro-business and against bureaucracy. The party was founded in 1854 by President Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican President during the anti-slavery expansion and American Civil War. Republicans follow traditional values which focus on unified families such as biblical foundations, moral codes, and values that are passed down from generation to generation. The Democrats are liberal and favor, government, society, equality, are against discrimination and environmentally conscious. The foundation of the Democratic Party dates back to before American independence from British Rule in 1792 and was organized by Thomas Jefferson. Democrats believe in each having an obligation in our community, each other and family. They pay remembrance to ancestors, slavery, immigrants and the belief that status and wealth does not entitle one to rule. Republicans are strong in Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma whereas, Democrats are strong in California and Massachusetts. Economically the Republicans favor that taxes should not be increased for anyone especially the wealthy and wages should reflect the market. Democrats, on the other hand, favor the poor, minimum wages and tax increase in the wealthy.  Ã‚  

Languages and Evolution Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Languages and Evolution - Research Proposal Example A report in the telegraph by Hayley Dixon could perhaps contextualize what I want to achieve. The report stated the widely recognized principle that humans especially children learn new words based from what they hear others use them in conversations. Dixon revealed that experts are now thinking the capability to learn language and acquire new vocabulary may be severely hampered as children increasingly learn through devices such as Ipads. Would children exposed to these technological devices create new vocabularies by imitating sounds from them? I intend to support my position in this mini-research through several arguments. First, I would like to explain and establish the role of vocal imitation in human language development as well as its genetic and biological explanations. Why is this crucial in the origin of our language? I hope to draw a parallel between this area and a potential of radical language change in the future through vocal imitation. I will also support my argument with an analysis of new vocabularies based on vocal imitations. For example, there are the cases of untz, wub and beep. These are new words derived from the human imitation of sounds. For further support, I could also discuss in this context the incidence of â€Å"mesofact† or the way meaning changes for words over time Finally, I would like to devote an important part of my work to the links between vocal imitation, adaptation, human sociality and their role in the future of human language. I would like to confine this within a discourse using technology as a control point. The technology variable is accepted to be increasingly eroding our oral traditions, specifically; the passing of knowledge with the now limited opportunity to hear wide range of words (Hayley). I will answer how - with our new-found incapability to hear and learn new words - could vocal imitation fill the gap

International Trade Essay Example for Free

International Trade Essay Free trade is an agreement between two or more countries to eliminate tariffs on all trade transactions that are taking place between them. The recent kinds of agreements do not only curtail the interference of governments that are responsible for levying the various tariffs and taxes, but there are more commitments included in the agreements such as customs co-operation, the protection of intellectual property, foreign direct investment and other factors that will enhance commerce between those that sign the freed trade agreement (FTA) (Groomsman and Helpmate, 1995). Among many advantages such agreements usher in, it had been possible to integrate the economies of the participants of the free trade agreements that will avail mutual benefits such as increased export choices. Importing countries will also have more choices of products to import. Furthermore, the law of co-operative advantage states that participants in FTAs always attain mutual gain from exchanging goods and services (Krugman, 1991). When there is a free trade agreement between two or more countries, what takes place is the price the members of the participant countries are paying are the outcome of real supply and demand, in their turn they would be responsible for determining what kind of resource allocation should be employed. One thing that distinguishes free trades from other kinds of trades is none of the participants are allowed to introduce any kind of artificial pricing because of protectionism tendency, where governments cannot intervene to adjust supply and demand by introducing restrictions that could raise or bring down the price of goods and services. The main aim of free trade is to eliminate such protectionism tendencies so that what will determine what should be bought and sold and at what price would be demand and supply (Landsburg, 2005). When that is not the case governments can always intervene by introducing subsidies, tariffs, taxes, and non-tariff barriers where they can introduce legislation or quotas, or it is possible for two or more governments to come up with bilateral or multilateral agreements that allow a preferential treatment for the participants only, by disallowing others to take advantage of what such agreements entail. When there is a bilateral or multilateral agreement between countries the first step is eliminating all taxes and tariffs (Hoda, 2002). However, bilateral agreements that take place between two countries do not apply for other countries where if the two countries could agree among themselves about what kind of tariff and tax to introduce, those agreements apply only to those two countries. If the agreement is multilateral and between three or more countries the agreed upon tariffs and taxes apply only to those participating countries, whereas others whether it is a bilateral or multilateral agreement are not participants will always pay the regularly required tariffs and taxes. The governments of such countries that have FTA between them are free to introduce any kind of trade barriers on others for any reason that serves them a purpose. Therefore, it is possible to look at many bilateral and multilateral agreements around the world where for example the US and Canada used to have a bilateral agreement between them before Mexico was added and the agreement called NAFTA came into the picture which was a multilateral agreement between the three countries. This does not mean other traders that are trading with these three countries will get similar kind of preferential treatment such as no barriers on trades and services between the three countries, the implementation of trade distorting policies such as the introduction of taxes, subsidies, laws and regulations that will avail special advantages for the members of one of the traders. These three trading partners have free access to each other’s market, which does not mean others will have a similar access. It does not mean the multilateral agreements between the three countries will prevent them from creating another bilateral or multilateral agreements with other countries since for example the US has many bilateral and multilateral trade agreement with countries that do not have any geographical proximity to it showing that bilateral and multilateral agreements are not limited by region (Reizeman, 1999). Other amenities such trading partners have at their disposal, whether they are bilateral or multilateral, in addition to having free access to each others’ markets, purely based on demand and supply they could also allow each other to have access to a free market information, which is vital to making informed decisions. Governments of trading members are not allowed to engage in a government-imposed monopoly or oligopoly power, although private sectors can have a monopoly or oligopoly according to what the anti trust laws allow. Other development among such countries is there is a free movement of labour, as well as capital. Therefore, when looking at the dissimilarities of bilateral and multilateral agreements there are many factors that play roles, because most of all, what kind of preferential treatment the participants are allowing each other is the deciding factor (Goyal and Joshi, 2006). This means that two bilateral countries could deprive that preferential treatment to other countries, but if they are in multilateral agreement, they cannot differentiate among the member no matter how much their number is. If a country is a member of the World Trade Organisation that requires all its members to allow each other a preferential treatment in order to facilitate trade has no choice other than to allow to all members similar preferential treatment. However, the exception is that for example based on geographical region or otherwise if there is a bilateral agreement they could give special preferential treatment for the trading partner if they found it beneficial to do so without availing the same preferential treatment to their other bilateral, multilateral or WTO members partners. This means that both bilateral and multilateral agreements based on any mutual benefit for the participants are allowed by WTO for its members, the only requirement being a voluntary notification of the existence such an agreement so that some kind of transparency of what is taking place will prevail. Consequently, there are bilateral agreements that take place between two countries, multilateral agreements that usually require more than two countries and the membership of WTO is also multilateral since the obvious number of the participants is many. This means that except that a bilateral agreement is a very simple form of such free trade agreements, there is nothing that makes it different in complexity than similar multilateral agreements (Friedman, 1997). A good example to cite is price where in a bilateral agreement the available demand and supply determine the price of goods and services. The only problem with such an agreement is if there is another country that sells what a given country buys from a bilateral partner much cheaper. In a situation like this it is a given that the other country wants to take advantage of the cheaper price, but since there is no agreement there are tariffs and taxes to add on the market price of the goods that will still make the bilateral partners goods and services preferable because of the absence of tariff and tax. In order to take advantage of that cheap price the particular country might want to start a free trade agreement with the other partner that will be complicated and time consuming. This shows that one country can have a bilateral agreement with two or more countries or it is possible to create a multilateral agreement among all participants and this kind of agreement is common among those that live in a given geographical region, as attested by the number of regional free trades (Bhagwati, 2002). But that does mean free trade is limited to a certain pattern since it can take many forms. It can be bilateral based on what the two countries agree, multilateral based on the participating countries agree that do not necessarily should have geographical proximity such as the US has a bilateral agreement with Israel, Jordan, Chile, Singapore, Australia and more and Australia has many bilateral trade agreement with many Asian countries that does not affect the relation it has with other countries because each participant gets certain advantage from the bilateral deal they are making. The most common FTA used to be among countries in the same region but that is changing (Levy, 19997). Looking at international multilateral agreements such as the members of the WTO reveals that there are more than 160 countries that have eliminated trade barriers among themselves and are allowing similar preferential treatment for each other, while they are allowed to go into any kind of bilateral or multilateral trade arrangement with other countries and create preferential treatment that they do not have to allow to the other members of WTO, where what is not allowed is not to discriminate among members (Pugel, 2003) (Aghion et al, 2007). One other dissimilarity will be the competition will be different when multilateral countries are trading with each other with no tax and tariff barriers based on demand and supply, where the choices of the participants will be more and can buy from those who are offering the lowest price without engaging in dumping (Bagwell and Staiger, 1997). Dumping always creates difficulties since it is always the outcome of subsidies that mostly originate from governments that had signed not to intervene in the market by any means (Brander and Krugman, 1983). World Trade Organisation (WTO)Â  WTO is an international organisation that promotes free trade by working with its members to enable them abolish tariffs and taxes so that there will be unhampered trade among countries. The main duties of the organisation are it polices the free trade agreements among countries, and it settles whatever disputes ensue among the participating countries and their governments. Whenever there is a dispute with two trading countries that are members it is its job to resolve the dispute and is empowered by its members to enforce its decisions by introducing sanctions on those who have breached the agreed upon rules. WTO had replaced another organisation called the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1995. GATT came into existence in 1948 when 23 countries agreed to bring down their tariffs and taxes among the trading partners. The difference between GATT and WTO is the later has more scope and oversees more trade sections other than trade in goods and services alone such as banking, telecommunications and intellectual property rights. WTO has 160 countries that allow each other a preferential treatment or a favoured trading partner status. The organisation provides a framework others can employ to negotiate and form trade agreements, while at the same time it oversees the signed agreements ratified by the parliaments of the member countries are strictly observed. The organisation, for the most part, focuses on trade negotiations such as the Uruguay Round (1986-1994) and currently the defunct negotiation called Doha Development Agenda known also as Doha Round that tried in 2001 to raise the overall status of poorer countries that make up the majority of the world population. This particular negotiation had been derailed by the same group that the negotiation was trying to enhance their equitable representation that demanded to see in place a special safeguard measure that will shield farmers from import flooding. The particular organisation is under the governance of ministerial conference that takes place every two years and has a general council in charge of implementing whatever agreement the conference arrives at and for administrating the day to day business, while it is represented by a director-general. The WTO works hand-in-hand with other organisations such as the World Bank, Intentional Monitory Fund, International Trade Organisation etc. that go much further than focusing on trade and deal in areas that are related to trade indirectly such as employment, investment, various kinds of lending, regulation business practises that do not adhere to the rules and various agreements dealing with how to manipulate commodities. The GATT is very important in such a way that if the WTO was not formed, GATT would have been reigning still serving the same purpose the WTO started serving, because it was the only multilateral agreement between countries starting from 1948. There had been seven rounds of negotiation under the GATT that were working to bring down tariffs among countries. The Kennedy Round in the sixties raised the question of antidumping where when countries are caught in the action of selling goods substantially less than they are selling in their own market. In the seventies, the Tokyo Round started to look at other barriers that are not tariff related where it was not easy to get results, because of the controversial nature of what were taking place since some of them known as plurilateral agreements were not approved by all participants. However the Uruguay Round had amended some of them later and they had become multilateral agreements. The Uruguay Round that took place in 1986 had introduced new areas such as including services and intellectual properties in the agreements. The Uruguay Round also dealt with trade reforms in the area of agriculture and textile that were always sensitive areas. Finally in 1994 the Final Act concluded what the members started in the Uruguay Round and established the WTO that took place at the Marrakech Agreement. This means that WTO does not have its own mandate till date and it is still using GATT as its umbrella treaty, although the Final Act at Marrakech had added new 60 agreements adopted into the mandates of the organisation. Consequently, the major areas the WTO oversees among its international members are to oversee how goods and investment are crossing the borders of member countries, including the various services, intellectual property, dispute settlement and reviewing the trade policies the various member governments are introducing from time to time. There had been several ministerial conferences since the WTO was formed that came up with various policies to deal with the various problems at hand at the time the various conferences were taking place. The major principles of the WTO concerning trade are non-discrimination that has two key components, the most favoured nations and national treatment. The former requires member to treat every member equally where if they create a favourable condition for a given member they have to create to all members, a requirement that is possible to override among bilateral and multilateral agreements. The national treatment requires that goods and services imported should receive similar treatment with what are locally available.

Hershey :: essays research papers

Milton Hershey was born in Derry Church, Pennsylvania in 1857. He was raised on a farm and never got passed the fourth grade. When he was eighteen his parents sent him to live with a chocolate maker so that he would learn the trait. After several failures, he founded his first successful business, the Lancaster Caramel Company. The Lancaster Caramel Company was doing so well that Hershey decided to open another Company to manufacture the chocolate. Hershey grew more wealthy and powerful; he opened the new chocolate factory in the town in which he was born. The town thrived on the factory because of the new jobs it created and Hershey donated money for schools and parks. Because of what he did for the town the community was renamed Hershey. Hershey died in 1945 at the old age of eighty-eight. The Hershey Food Corporation was still young and had not branched out into other products besides chocolate. One of the original products was the Hershey kiss. Later to come were produces such as Mr. Goodbar 1925, Hershey’s syrup 1926, chocolate chips 1928, and the Krackel bar 1938. The Reeces Company started out as a separate organization but because they were so similar the Reeces Company merged with the Hershey Food Corporation. The production of the new food products helped people deal with the great depression by creating more jobs. During World War II the Hershey Food Corporation produced a field ration bar. Some Hershey factories were even used to build parts for weapons that the military would use in the war. Just recently the Hershey Food Corporation has expanded its products. Hershey’s now own the rights to Twizzlers licorice, Ronzoni Foods, Rowntree, and Y&S candies. Hershey Foods Corporation currently has 14,000 full-time employees throughout the worldwide offices and factories. The current President, and Chief Executive Officer is Richard H. Lenny and the Senior Vice President is Marcella K. Arline. Last year Hershey Foods Corporation earned $4.2 billion in Sales. The Hershey's corporate headquarters is located 100 Crystal A Drive, Hershey, PA 17033 the town where it all began.

Flexible Learning Essay

Education is a broadly debated topic, now there is a new concept emerging, ’flexible learning’. This essay will discuss what is understood by this term and how it could affect the way of the future in education. Furthermore it will discuss how flexible learning has engaged technology and how it has made education more accessible and equitable. Next it will demonstrate how individual students have benefited through the use of technology with flexible learning, and how students are able to be the central focus of their own education. Technology brings with it many advantages for the future of education, however not without some setbacks, this essay will also discuss these. This essay will argue that because of the increasing accessibility and improvements in technology, flexible learning should be the way of the future in education. Flexible learning is quickly becoming the way of the future for education, as it engages and implements the use of sophisticated technology. According to George and Luke (cited in Andrews & Ferman 2001) flexible learning is a multi-directional approach to learning using different methods of delivery. On the other hand, Nunan (cited in Andrews & Ferman 2001, p. 2) considers that ‘flexible delivery is often taken to mean the same thing as increasing flexibility in learning’. Summarising Harmes (2010) explains flexible learning engages technology, allowing the use of the internet, e-mail, and other digital interactive technology. It also allows the student to freely access online lectures and study material and more importantly it enables teachers to position the student as the central focus of the learning experience. This can be seen at universities including the relatively new University of Queensland campus at Ipswich who are using technology to promote flexible learning. It was in fact the purpose built with this in mind; and included computer rooms, a self-directed learning centre and even wireless laptops (Andrews&Ferman 2001). Another example of flexible learning is discussed by Huijser, Bedford and Bull (2008) who describe the Tertiary Preparation Program (TPP); this is a course which is accessed online and on-campus. TPP students can engage in online lectures, Wimba classrooms and forums, study material can also be submitted online and feedback returned to student, again online. Using technology students have engaged in flexible learning all over Australia, including international students. Furthermore TPP is currently funded by the government making it free; this allows students to prepare for higher study prior to investment. The outcome of this should be a higher intake of fee paying students, which in turn should lead to increased government funding for universities. Flexible learning through technology has made education more accessible and therefore equitable. Harmes (2010) discusses how the internet has increased the number of students to able to study degrees through online study material and lectures. As a result of technological advances the world has become a â€Å"global village â€Å"and students can participate in a global classroom. Worldwide opportunities using technology and flexible learning should be funded locally (Zhao 2009). Ultimately this will enable there to be proximity through distance, and will allow students to study anytime and anywhere, thus making education more equitable explains Harmes (2010). There are students from as far away as remote Western Australia studying through the University of Southern Queensland (USQ). They are able to access all the lectures and tutorials online, and USQ plans to offer many more academic programs online by 2012 (The Chronicle 2009). ‘Technology is the tool used to provide a facility for a teacher facilitated, learner centred environment’ (Bonanno, 2005). It is only through the many improvements and advances in technology that education has been so accessible and with it flexible learning has been implemented. Flexible learning has made education more accessible because, study is teacher facilitated and enables the student to be positioned as the central focus of education. According to Harmes there are many benefits of flexible learning, students are able to access their study any time they like, and this means that they are able to co-ordinate study around work and family life. The flexibility that technology provides has enabled students to study at their own pace (Andrews& Ferman, 2001). Additionally students have a sense of freedom with their study, slotting it in whenever they please. Knowles (cited in Choy and Delahaye 2002) researched how adult learners are more likely to be motivated and experienced in life, and that they are ready to embrace learning with deeper appreciation and understanding. Knowles (1973) continues by discussing how this self-driven learning is assisted through flexible delivery and how students benefit from a mature independent approach to education with the option for teacher help when needed. As a result of this Bonanno suggests that with good self-discipline and time management students are able to have freedom and access to study anytime and place, thus enabling many styles of learning. Technology has increased the flexibility that students have, thus allowing greater access to education. Despite the fact that education has embraced technology, there are still some problems which must be resolved. According to Ralston (1999) it appears that although many have embraced technology for learning, there are still many who are either too afraid to or do not have the skills and confidence to do so. Furthermore he suggests that that those who do not attempt to engage technology will be severely disadvantaged, because the twenty-first century is the age of technology. Andrews and Ferman (2000) noted on their study of the University of Queensland, -Ipswich campus that many students found the course material limited, that there was a lack of structure, and there were also a significant number of technical difficulties. Additionally Bonanno (2005) discusses some of the disadvantages of technology and states that the learner can easily lose motivation partly due to a lack of classroom spirit and teacher facilitated learning. Technology can be out of date or difficult to understand and often it can be confusing and sometimes it can just be that there is no technical support available. Bonanno’s (2005) comments that many problems occurring are learner related and that in order to be successful the learner must be self-motivated and have a reasonable degree of self-competency. She also comments that the facilitator or teacher must be motivated as well and be able to produce engaging study material for the student to work with; they must also be able to direct, listen and support students. Despite some complications, changes in technology help to make sure education is more accessible and equitable. Universities are able to capture larger numbers of students enabling more funding from the government. Students are able to be in control of their own education pathway and are able to be flexible about when and where they choose to study. Students can also choose to study gregariously in online classrooms and even traditional classrooms. Problematic areas will in time be improved as technology upgrades on a daily basis; including faster internet options. With this evolving technology people’s knowledge and experience will increase and in time student numbers and study options will grow. It is realistic that flexible learning will be and indeed should be the way of the future in education and that there will be a worldwide classroom. References Andrews, T & Ferman, T 2001, ‘The flexible learning experience – how good is it really? ’ in L Richardson & J Lidstone (eds), Flexible learning for a flexible society, pp. 39-45. Proceedings of ASET-HERDSA 2000 Conference, Toowoomba, Qld, 2-5 July 2000. ASET and HERDSA http://www. aset. org. au/confs/aset-herdsa2000/procs/andrews-t. html. Bonanno, K 2005, ‘Online learning : the good the bad and the ugly’, Proceedings of the XIX Biennial Conference – Meeting the Challenge, Australian School Library Association, Zillmere, QLD, pp. 1-7 Choy, SC & Delahaye, BL 2002, ‘Andragogy in vocational education and training: learners’ perspective’, Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference, Australian Vocational Education and Training Research Association (AVETRA), Melbourne, VIC University of Southern Queensland 2009, ‘University offers online options to its students’, The Chronicle, 10 Jul, p. 41. Collis, B & Moonen, J 2002, Flexible learning in a digital world: experiences and expectations, Kogan Page, London, UK, pp. 8-10,17,26-27. Harmes, M 2011,TPP7120 Studying to succeed ,Appendix 3’Flexible and Blended Learning’, University of Southern Queensland,Toowoomba,viewed 25 September 2011,http://usqstudydesk. usq. au/ Huijser, H, Bedford, T & Bull, D 2008, ‘OpenCourseWare global access and the right to education: real access or marketing ploy? ‘, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-13. Ralston, P 1999, ‘Education for IT equity’, The Australian, 12 Jan, p. 44. Zhao, Y 2009, Catching up or leading the way: American education in the age of globalization, ASCD, Alexandria, VA, pp. 98-113.